Innovation Category

• Product & Service Innovation

The introduction of a good or service that is new or significantly improved with respect to its characteristics or intended uses. This includes significant improvements in technical specifications, components and materials, incorporated software, user friendliness or other functional characteristics.

• Process Innovation

The implementation of a new or significantly improved production or delivery method. This includes significant changes in techniques, equipment and/or software.

Sumber:

OECD and Euro (2005), “Oslo Manual: Guideline for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data”, Third Edition (2005)

• Social Innovation

Social innovation is the process of addressing the world’s most pressing challenges with “novel solutions . . . that [are] better than current solutions, new to the world, and [benefit] society as a whole and not just a single entity.”

• Business Model Innovation

Business model innovation is the search for new logics of the firm and new ways to create and capture value for its stakeholders; it focuses primarily on finding new ways to generate revenues and define value propositions for customers, suppliers, and partners.”

Sumber:

Bates, S.M. (2012), “The Social Innovation Imperative: Create Winning Products, Services, and Programs That Solve Society’s Most Pressing Challenges”, McGraw-Hill.

Casadesus-Masanell and Zhu (2013: 464) in Foss, N.J and Saebi, T. (2016), “Fifteen Years of Research on Business Model Innovation: How Far Have We Come, and Where Should We Go?”, Journal of Management Vol. XX No. X, Month XXXX 1–28